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We investigate the impact of borders on the topology of spatially embeddednetworks. Indeed territorial subdivisions and geographical borderssignificantly hamper the geographical span of networks thus playing a key rolein the formation of network communities. This is especially important inscientific and technological policy-making, highlighting the interplay betweenpressure for the internationalization to lead towards a global innovationsystem and the administrative borders imposed by the national and regionalinstitutions. In this study we introduce an outreach index to quantify theimpact of borders on the community structure and apply it to the case of theEuropean and US patent co-inventors networks. We find that (a) the USconnectivity decays as a power of distance, whereas we observe a fasterexponential decay for Europe; (b) European network communities essentiallycorrespond to nations and contiguous regions while US communities span multiplestates across the whole country without any characteristic geographic scale. Weconfirm our findings by means of a set of simulations aimed at exploring therelationship between different patterns of cross-border community structuresand the outreach index.

Network communities within and across borders