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In many sliding systems consisting of solid object on a solid substrate underdry condition, the friction force does not depend on the apparent contact areaand is proportional to the loading force. This behaviour is called Amontons'law and indicates that the friction coefficient, or the ratio of the frictionforce to the loading force, is constant. Here, however, using numerical andanalytical methods, we show that Amontons' law breaks down systematically undercertain conditions for an elastic object experiencing a friction force thatlocally obeys Amontons' law. The macroscopic static friction coefficient, whichcorresponds to the onset of bulk sliding of the object, decreases as pressureor system length increases. This decrease results from precursor slips beforethe onset of bulk sliding, and is consistent with the results of certainprevious experiments. The mechanisms for these behaviours are clarified. Theseresults will provide new insight into controlling friction.

Systematic Breakdown of Amontons' Law of Friction for an Elastic Object Locally Obeying Amontons' Law