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Design A split-mouth randomised controlled trial conducted over a 1-year period.Intervention A conventional resin-based fissure sealant (Fluroshield® Dentsply Caulk, Milfor, DE, USA) was applied on randomly assigned upper/lower primary and permanent molars of one side of the mouth. A flowable restorative system (Bond 1+Flow-It! (Jeneric/Pentron, Inc., Wallingford, CT, USA) used as a pit-and-fissure sealant was applied to the contra-lateral side. The procedures were carried out under rubber dam and the occlusion was checked with a carbon marker.Outcome measure Visual inspection was carried out by one examiner at baseline, 6- and 12-month intervals. The retention was assessed following the criteria proposed by Tonn and Ryge:1 TR — total retention, PL — partial loss and TL — total loss.Results A total of 40 children, aged between 4 and 7 years were recruited, providing a sample size of 160 teeth (80 pairs), comprising 80 primary and 80 permanent molars (40 pairs of each tooth type). For both materials, there was no total loss of sealants placed on either the primary or permanent molars over 1 year. From Fluroshield sealants placed on primary teeth, 33 were completely intact after 6 months and 31 after 1 year. From those placed on permanent molars, no loss of material was observed after 6 months, while partial loss was noticed on 5% of teeth at 1-year recall. For Flow-It! resin applied on primary molars, partial loss of material was observed in only one sealant after 6 months and in two sealants after 1 year. On permanent teeth, 100% retention rate was observed over a 1-year follow up. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.01) between the sealing materials on primary but not permanent teeth, and, overall, Flow-It! sealants presented a higher retention rate at both 6-month and 1-year evaluations. Significant differences (P<0.01) between baseline and the other evaluation periods were also observed.Conclusions It may be concluded that the flowable restorative system yielded optimal retention on both primary and permanent molars. Its retention rate was significantly higher than that of the conventional pit-and-fissure sealant on primary teeth.

Flowable restorative system has a higher retention rate than conventional resin sealant on primary teeth