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Our purpose was to determine if total body irradiation (TBI) with lung dose reduction protects against subsequent radiation-induced deterioration in pulmonary function. Between July 1997 and August 2004, 181 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies received fractionated TBI before allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant. The first 89 patients were treated to a total dose of 13.6 Gy. Thereafter, total body dose was decreased to 12 Gy with lung dose reduction to 9 or 6 Gy. All patients underwent pulmonary function test evaluation before treatment, 90 days post-treatment, then annually. Median follow-up was 24.0 months. Eighty-nine patients were treated with lung shielding, and 92 without. At 1-year post transplant, there was a small but significant difference in lung volume measurements between patients with lung shielding and those without. This was not observed at the 2-year time point. When stratified by good (&gt;100% predicted) or poor (&lt;/=100% predicted) baseline lung function, patients with poor function demonstrated protection at 1 year with lung shielding, while those with good initial lung function did not. TBI with or without lung dose reduction has a small but statistically significant effect on pulmonary function measured at 1 year but not 2 years post irradiation.

Pulmonary function following total body irradiation (with or without lung shielding) and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant