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The recognition of DNA damage and DNA repair responses coupled to transcriptional events. This coupling evolved mammalian cells in order to stimulate DNA repair proces induce additional repair mechanisms, activate checkp functions or apoptosis. In order to repair, recover and sur mammalian cells must recognize DNA damage and consequ they require the induction of specific genes and proteins. S universal, and possibly some other tissue-specific, signal tran tion pathways lead to the activation of key transcription fac which then regulate downstream molecular events in the da response. The regulation of DNA damage repair at the trans tional level could be a primary response and thus altered expression may offer the first detectable molecular events i process of DNA damage control. BRCA1 and BRCA2 both h transcriptional activator functions and are part of a big nuc protein complex, which may act as a molecular sensor and s transducer. The role of the p53 gene in DNA damage respo well established and recently it has been reported that BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene products actively interact with TP Also, there are several studies demonstrating altered da response in cells mutated for BRCA1 or BRCA2. Clearly, the a role or perhaps more than one role for the BRCA1 and BR genes in DNA damage response, but the real question is wh place their action in this very elaborate multistep pathway? It is estimated that 10% of breast cancer patients develo disease due to the presence of a breast cancer predispositio (Easton and Peto, 1990). Nearly half of these patients are th to have a mutation in the breast cancer predisposition g BRCA1 or BRCA2. The recent isolation of BRCA1 (Miki et 1994) and BRCA2 (Wooster et al, 1995) stimulated inten scientific interest. Although a large amount of information is n available, including nucleotide sequence, mutation spect cellular localization and protein structure, the molecular path in which BRCA1 and BRCA2 is involved in response to D damage remains to be elucidated. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour suppressor genes since majority of tumours arising in members of BRCA1and BRC linked families show loss of heterozygosity at the relevant with the retention of the mutant allele (Neuhausen et al, 1 Collins et al, 1995). The products of both genes are large nu proteins; the BRCA1 gene encodes a protein of 1863 amino a the BRCA2 gene a protein of 3418 amino acids. The prim amino acid sequences reveal only little information regarding ed in r for stes shear This Received 1 June 1999 Accepted 8 June 1999

BRCA1, BRCA2 and their possible function in DNA damage response