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A potential usefulness of micronucleus assay for prediction of tumour radiosensitivity has been tested in 64 patients with advanced stage (II B-IV B) cervical carcinoma treated by radiotherapy. The study of cellular radiosensitivity in vitro was conducted in parallel with the study of cellular damage after tumour irradiation in vivo. Radiosensitivity of in vitro cultured primary cells isolated from tumour biopsies taken before radiotherapy was evaluated using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Frequency of micronuclei per binucleated cell (MN/BNC) at 2 Gy was used as a measure of radiosensitivity. Radiation sensitivity in vivo was expressed as per cent increment of micronucleus frequency in cells isolated from biopsy taken after 20 Gy (external irradiation, 10 x 2 Gy) over the pre-treatment spontaneous micronucleus level and was called MN20. Very low correlation (r = 0.324) was observed between micronucleus frequency in vitro and in vivo. Although micronucleus frequency at 2 Gy differed widely between tumours evaluated (mean MN/BNC was 0.224; range 0.08-0.416), no significant correlation was observed between this parameter and clinical outcome. The average increment of micronucleus frequency after 20 Gy amounted to 193% of spontaneous level (range 60-610%) and was independent of spontaneous micronucleation before radiotherapy. In contrast to in vitro results, these from in vivo assay seem to have a predictive value for radiotherapy of cervix cancer. The micronucleus increment in vivo that reached at least 117.5% of pretreatment value (first quartile for MN20 data set) correlated significantly with better tumour local control (P &lt; 0.008) and overall survival (P &lt; 0.045). Our results suggest that evaluation of increment of micronucleus frequency during radiotherapy (after fixed tested dose of 20 Gy) offers a potentially valuable approach to predicting individual radioresponsiveness and may be helpful for individualization of treatment strategy in advanced stage cervical cancer.

The increment of micronucleus frequency in cervical carcinoma during irradiation in vivo and its prognostic value for tumour radiocurability