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Abstract • References • Author information Introduction: Ultrasound (US) measures of muscle thickness are used in the management and monitoring of muscle changes during rehabilitation, but it is unknown how this measure compares to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Case Presentation: Six participants with incomplete SCI underwent US imaging and MRI of their gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Discussion: Significant correlations were found between US muscle thickness and MRI CSA in the gastrocnemius (R=0.91, P<0.001), and TA muscles (R=0.58, P<0.05). US muscle thickness in the gastrocnemius and TA of patients with incomplete SCI may be used as a cheaper alternative measure of CSA as measured using MRI, and this measure may be clinically useful to track progress in muscle gains during rehabilitation. Subject terms: Preclinical research • Skeletal muscle Figures at a glance Displaying 3 of 3 figures | Figures index Figure 1 (a) A magnetic resonance image of the tibialis anterior (left outline) and gastrocnemius muscles (right outline) for one representative participant. (b) An ultrasound measure of the muscle thickness of the gastrocnemius muscle for one representative participant. (c) An ultrasound measure of the muscle thickness of the tibialis anterior muscle for one representative participant. Figure 2 Linear plot of US muscle thickness versus MRI cross-sectional area in the gastrocnemius muscle. A significant linear correlation was found (R=0.91, P<0.001). Figure 3 Linear plot of US muscle thickness versus MRI cross-sectional area in the tibialis anterior muscle. A significant linear correlation was found (R=0.58, P<0.05). Read the full article Subscribe to Spinal Cord Series and Cases for full access: Subscribe Purchase article full text and PDF: $32Buy now Additional access options: Already a subscriber? Log in now or Register for online access. Login via Athens | Use a document delivery service | Purchase a site license References Abstract • References • Author information Giangregorio L, McCartney N. Bone loss and muscle atrophy in spinal cord injury: epidemiology, fracture prediction, and rehabilitation strategies. J Spinal Cord Med 2006; 29: 489–500. ISI PubMed Article Biering-Sørensen B, Kristensen IB, Kjaer M, Biering-Sørensen F. Muscle after spinal cord injury. Muscle Nerve 2009; 40: 499–519. ISI PubMed Article Jayaraman A, Gregory C, Bowden M, Stevens J, Shah P, Behrman A. Lower extremity skeletal muscle function in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2006; 44: 680–687. ISI CAS PubMed Article Gorgey AS, Dudley GA. 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PubMed Article Download references Author information Abstract • References • Author information Affiliations Regis University School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO, USA Andrew C Smith Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Andrew C Smith , Kristen Jakubowski , Marie Wasielewski , Sabrina SM Lee  & James M Elliott Authors Search for Andrew C Smith in: NPG journals • PubMed • Google Scholar Search for Kristen Jakubowski in: NPG journals • PubMed • Google Scholar Search for Marie Wasielewski in: NPG journals • PubMed • Google Scholar Search for Sabrina SM Lee in: NPG journals • PubMed • Google Scholar Search for James M Elliott in: NPG journals • PubMed • Google Scholar Competing interests JME—Relevant activities outside the submitted work: board membership, consultancy, other (35% ownership/investment interest in medical consultancy start-up: Pain ID LLC), payment for lectures. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest. Corresponding author Correspondence to Andrew C Smith.

Lower extremity muscle structure in incomplete spinal cord injury: a comparison between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging