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The sea anemone,  Exaiptasia diaphana , is a model of coral-dinoflagellate (Symbiodiniaceae) symbiosis. However, little is known of its potential to form symbiosis with  Cladocopium —a key Indo-Pacific algal symbiont of scleractinian corals, nor the host nutritional consequences of such an association. Aposymbiotic anemones were inoculated with homologous algal symbionts,  Breviolum minutum , and seven heterologous strains of  Cladocopium  C1 acro  (wild-type and heat-evolved) under ambient conditions. Despite lower initial algal cell density,  Cladocopium  C1 acro -anemeones achieved similar cell densities as  B. minutum -anemones by week 77. Wild-type and heat-evolved  Cladocopium  C1 acro  showed similar colonization patterns. Targeted LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed that almost all significantly different metabolites in the host and Symbiodiniaceae fractions were due to differences between  Cladocopium  C1 acro  and  B. minutum , with little difference between heat-evolved and wild-type  Cladocopium  C1 acro  at week 9. The algal fraction of  Cladocopium  C1 acro -anemones was enriched in metabolites related to nitrogen storage, while the host fraction of  B. minutum -anemones was enriched in sugar-related metabolites. Compared to  B. minutum ,  Cladocopium  C1 acro  is likely slightly less nutritionally beneficial to the host under ambient conditions, but more capable of maintaining its own growth when host nitrogen supply is limited. Our findings demonstrate the value of  E. diaphana  to study experimentally evolved  Cladocopium .

Colonization and metabolite profiles of homologous, heterologous and experimentally evolved algal symbionts in the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana