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Cycling is a crucial part of sustainable urban transportation. Promotingcycling critically relies on a sufficiently developed bicycle infrastructure.However, designing efficient bike path networks constitutes a complex problemthat requires balancing multiple constraints while still supporting all cyclingdemand. Here, we propose a framework to create families of efficient bike pathnetworks by explicitly taking into account the demand distribution andcyclists' route choices based on safety preferences. By reversing the networkformation process and iteratively removing bike paths from an initiallycomplete bike path network and continually updating cyclists' route choices, wecreate a sequence of networks that is always adapted to the current cyclingdemand. We illustrate the applicability of this demand-driven planning schemefor two cities. A comparison of the resulting bike path networks with thosecreated for homogenized demand enables us to quantify the importance of thedemand distribution for network planning. The proposed framework may thusenable quantitative evaluation of the structure of current and planned bikepath networks and support the demand-driven design of efficientinfrastructures.

Demand-driven design of bicycle infrastructure networks for improved urban bikeability