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The 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmara\c{s}/Pazarcik earthquake was larger and moredestructive than what had been expected. Here we analyzed near-field seismicrecords and developed a dynamic rupture model that reconciles differentcurrently conflicting inversion results and reveals spatially non-uniformpropagation speeds in this earthquake, with predominantly supershear speedsobserved along the Narli fault and at the southwest (SW) end of the EastAnatolian Fault (EAF). The model highlights the critical role of geometriccomplexity and heterogeneous frictional conditions in facilitating continuedpropagation and influencing rupture speed. We also constrained the conditionsthat allowed for the rupture to jump from the Narli fault to EAF and togenerate the delayed backpropagating rupture towards the SW. Our findings haveimportant implications for understanding earthquake hazard and guiding futureresponse efforts and demonstrates the value of physics-based dynamic modelingfused with near-field data in enhancing our understanding of earthquakemechanisms and improving risk assessment.

Dynamics of episodic supershear in the 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmara\c{s}/Pazarcik earthquake, revealed by near-field records and computational modeling