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Scrutinizing the evolving exposure and possible consequent forthcoming seismic losses in rapidly urbanizing megacities is essential for decision-makers. Here we present a framework for the evaluation of spatio-temporal seismic loss dynamics where we propose a probabilistic macro-level loss estimation approach that is based on socioeconomic exposure indicators. We follow this framework to model the urban growth, disaggregate population to urban cells, and estimate grid-level wealth in three Asian megacities, namely Jakarta, Metro Manila, and Istanbul. Then, we calculate present and future probabilistic risk metrics based on the combination of evolving exposure, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and vulnerability curves. The results reveal that our approach can produce present loss estimates that are in the same order of magnitude as the conventional approaches. The predictions suggest that present average annual loss could increase almost twofold in Jakarta and in Metro Manila, and by almost 57% in Istanbul by 2030. Our framework can be used to trigger discussions between scientific community and decision-makers for better long-term risk reduction and risk awareness strategies.

Seismic loss dynamics in three Asian megacities using a macro-level approach based on socioeconomic exposure indicators