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The engineering of Majorana zero modes in topological superconductors, a newparadigm for the realization of topological quantum computing andtopology-based devices, has been hampered by the absence of materials withsufficiently large superconducting gaps. Recent experiments, however, haveprovided enthralling evidence for the existence of topological surfacesuperconductivity in the iron-based superconductor FeSe$_{0.45}$Te$_{0.55}$possessing a full $s_\pm$-wave gap of a few meV. Here, we propose a mechanismfor the emergence of topological superconductivity on the surface ofFeSe$_{0.45}$Te$_{0.55}$ by demonstrating that the interplay between the$s_\pm$-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap, recently observed surfacemagnetism, and a Rashba spin-orbit interaction gives rise to severaltopological superconducting phases. Moreover, the proposed mechanism explains aseries of experimentally observed hallmarks of topological superconductivity,such as the emergence of Majorana zero modes in the center of vortex cores andat the end of line defects, as well as of chiral Majorana edge modes alongcertain types of domain walls. We also propose that the spatial distribution ofsupercurrents near a domain wall is a characteristic signature measurable via ascanning superconducting quantum interference device that can distinguishbetween chiral Majorana edge modes and trivial in-gap states.

Origin of Topological Surface Superconductivity in FeSe$_{0.45}$Te$_{0.55}$