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Efficient, stable and low-cost solar cells are being desired for the photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity for sustainable energy production. Nanorod/nanowire arrays of narrow-bandgap semiconductors are the promising light-harvesters for photovoltaics because of their excellent optoelectrical properties. Here, the array of preferentially oriented antimony trisulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) single-crystalline nanorods is grown on polycrystalline titania (TiO 2 ) film by a tiny-seed-assisted solution-processing strategy, offering an Sb 2 S 3 /TiO 2  nanoarray heterojunction system on a large scale. It is demonstrated that the Sb 2 S 3  nanorod growth follows a tiny-seed-governed orientation-competing-epitaxial nucleation/growth mechanism. Using a conjugated polymer hole transporting layer on the heterojunction, we achieve a power conversion efficiency of 5.70% in the stable hybrid solar cell with a preferred p-type/intrinsic/n-type architecture featuring effectively straightforward charge transport channels and no negative impact of photogenerated electric field on device performance. An architecture-dependent charge distribution model is proposed to understand the unique photovoltaic behavior.

Nanoarray heterojunction and its efficient solar cells without negative impact of photogenerated electric field