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Quantum antiferromagnets with geometrical frustration exhibit rich many-bodyphysics but are hard to simulate by means of classical computers. Althoughquantum-simulation studies for analyzing such systems are thus desirable, theyare still limited to high temperature regions, where interesting quantumeffects are smeared out. Here, we propose a feasible protocol to perform analogquantum simulation of frustrated antiferromagnetism with strong quantumfluctuations by using ultracold Bose gases in optical lattices at negativeabsolute temperatures. Specifically, we show from numerical simulations thatthe time evolution of a negative-temperature state subjected to a slow sweep ofthe hopping energy simulates quantum phase transitions of a frustratedBose-Hubbard model with sign-inverted hoppings. Moreover, we quantitativelypredict the phase boundary between the frustrated superfluid and Mott-insulatorphases for triangular lattices with hopping anisotropy, which serves as abenchmark for quantum simulation.

Frustrated Quantum Magnetism with Bose Gases in Triangular Optical Lattices at Negative Absolute Temperatures