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Transmission electron microscopy is one of the most powerful techniques tocharacterize nanoscale magnetic structures. In light of the importance of fastcontrol schemes of magnetic states, time-resolved microscopy techniques arehighly sought after in fundamental and applied research. Here, we implementtime-resolved Lorentz imaging in combination with synchronous radio-frequencyexcitation using an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. As a modelsystem, we examine the current-driven gyration of a vortex core in a 2$\mathrm{\mu}$m-sized magnetic nanoisland. We record the trajectory of thevortex core for continuous-wave excitation, achieving a localization precisionof $\pm$2nm with few-minute integration times. Furthermore, by tracking thecore position after rapidly switching off the current, we find a temporalhardening of the free oscillation frequency and an increasing orbital decayrate attributed to local disorder in the vortex potential.

Few-nm tracking of magnetic vortex orbits and their decay with ultrafast Lorentz microscopy