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Quantum coherence stemming from the superposition behaviour of a particlebeyond the classical realm, serves as one of the most fundamental features inquantum mechanics. The wave-particle duality phenomenon, which shares the sameorigin, has a strong relationship with quantum coherence. Recently, an elegantrelation between quantum coherence and path information has been theoreticallyderived. Here, we experimentally test such new duality by l1-norm measure andthe minimum-error state discrimination. We prepare three classes of two-photonstates encoded in polarisation degree of freedom, with one photon serving asthe target and the other photon as the detector. We observe thatwave-particle-like complementarity and Bagan's equality, defined by the dualityrelation between coherence and path information, is well satisfied. Our resultsmay shed new light on the original nature of wave-particle duality and on theapplications of quantum coherence as a fundamental resource in quantumtechnologies.

Experimental Test of Relation between Coherence and Path Information