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Central to the diversity of wheat products was the origin of hexaploid bread wheat, which added the D-genome of  Aegilops tauschii  to tetraploid wheat giving rise to superior dough properties in leavened breads. The polyploidization, however, imposed a genetic bottleneck, with only limited diversity introduced in the wheat D-subgenome. To understand genetic variants for quality, we sequenced 273 accessions spanning the known diversity of  Ae. tauschii . We discovered 45 haplotypes in  Glu-D1 , a major determinant of quality, relative to the two predominant haplotypes in wheat. The wheat allele  2  +  12  was found in  Ae. tauschii  Lineage 2, the donor of the wheat D-subgenome. Conversely, the superior quality wheat allele  5  +  10  allele originated in Lineage 3, a recently characterized lineage of  Ae. tauschii , showing a unique origin of this important allele. These two wheat alleles were also quite similar relative to the total observed molecular diversity in  Ae. tauschii  at  Glu-D1 .  Ae. tauschii  is thus a reservoir for unique  Glu-D1  alleles and provides the genomic resource to begin utilizing new alleles for end-use quality improvement in wheat breeding programs.

High molecular weight glutenin gene diversity in Aegilops tauschii demonstrates unique origin of superior wheat quality