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Pneumocystis jirovecii , the fungal agent of human  Pneumocystis  pneumonia, is closely related to macaque  Pneumocystis . Little is known about other  Pneumocystis  species in distantly related mammals, none of which are capable of establishing infection in humans. The molecular basis of host specificity in  Pneumocystis  remains unknown as experiments are limited due to an inability to culture any species in vitro. To explore  Pneumocystis  evolutionary adaptations, we have sequenced the genomes of species infecting macaques, rabbits, dogs and rats and compared them to available genomes of species infecting humans, mice and rats. Complete whole genome sequence data enables analysis and robust phylogeny, identification of important genetic features of the host adaptation, and estimation of speciation timing relative to the rise of their mammalian hosts. Our data reveals insights into the evolution of  P. jirovecii , the sole member of the genus able to infect humans.

Genomic insights into the host specific adaptation of the Pneumocystis genus