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Public health interventions to control the recent emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance genes rely on a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology and distribution over a wide range of geographical scales. Here we analysed an  Escherichia coli  collection isolated from pigs and chickens in China in 2018, and ascertained that the  tet (X4) gene was not present at high prevalence across China, but was highly endemic in northwestern China. Genomic analysis of  tet (X4)-positive  E. coli  demonstrated a recent and regional dissemination of  tet (X4) among various clonal backgrounds and plasmids in northwestern China, whereas a parallel epidemic coincided with the independent acquisition of  tet (X4) in  E. coli  from the remaining provinces. The high genetic similarity of  tet (X4)-positive  E. coli  and human commensal  E. coli  suggests the possibility of its spreading into humans. Our study provides a systematic analysis of the current epidemiology of  tet (X4) and identifies priorities for optimising timely intervention strategies.

Genomic epidemiology of animal-derived tigecycline-resistant Escherichia coli across China reveals recent endemic plasmid-encoded tet(X4) gene