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Non-volatile memory and computing technology rely on efficient read and writeof ultra-tiny information carriers that do not wear out. Magnetic skyrmions areemerging as a potential carrier since they are topologically robust nanoscalespin textures that can be manipulated with ultralow current density. To date,most of skyrmions are reported in metallic films, which suffer from additionalOhmic loss and thus high energy dissipation. Therefore, skyrmions in magneticinsulators are of technological importance for low-power information processingapplications due to their low damping and the absence of Ohmic loss. Moreover,they attract fundamental interest in studying various magnon-skyrmioninteractions11. Skyrmions have been observed in one insulating materialCu2OSeO3 at cryogenic temperatures, where they are stabilized by bulkDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Here, we report the observation of magneticskyrmions that survive above room temperature in magnetic insulator/heavy metalheterostructures, i.e., thulium iron garnet/platinum. The presence of theseskyrmions results from the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at the interfaceand is identified by the emergent topological Hall effect. Through tuning themagnetic anisotropy via varying temperature, we observe skyrmions in a largewindow of external magnetic field and enhanced stability of skyrmions in theeasy-plane anisotropy regime. Our results will help create a new platform forinsulating skyrmion-based room temperature low dissipation spintronicapplications.

Topological Hall effect at above room temperature in heterostructures composed of a magnetic insulator and a heavy metal