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Proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene has led to the observationof intriguing phenomena like time-reversal invariant $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topologicalphase and spin-orbital filtering effects. An understanding of the effect ofspin-orbit coupling on the band structure of graphene is essential if theseexciting observations are to be transformed into real-world applications. Inthis research article, we report the experimental determination of the bandstructure of single-layer graphene (SLG) in the presence of strongproximity-induced spin-orbit coupling. We achieve this in high-mobilityhBN-encapsulated SLG/WSe2 heterostructures through measurements of quantumoscillations. We observe clear spin-splitting of the graphene bands along witha substantial increase in the Fermi velocity. Using a theoretical model withrealistic parameters to fit our experimental data, we uncover evidence of aband gap opening and band inversion in the SLG. Further, we establish that thedeviation of the low-energy band structure from pristine SLG is determinedprimarily by the valley-Zeeman SOC and Rashba SOC, with the Kane-Mele SOC beinginconsequential. Despite robust theoretical predictions and observations ofband-splitting, a quantitative measure of the spin-splitting of the valence andthe conduction bands and the consequent low-energy dispersion relation in SLGwas missing -- our combined experimental and theoretical study fills thislacuna.

Experimental observation of spin-split energy dispersion in high-mobility single-layer graphene/WSe2 heterostructures