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Batteries are the most abundant form of electrochemical energy storage.Lithium and sodium ion batteries account for a significant portion of thebattery market, but high-performance electrochemically active materials stillneed to be discovered and optimized for these technologies. Recently, tin(II)oxide (SnO) has emerged as a highly-promising battery electrode. In this work,we present a facile synthesis method to produce SnO nanoparticles whose sizeand shape can be tailored by changing the solvent nature. We study the complexrelationship between wet chemistry synthesis conditions and resulting layerednanoparticle morphology. Furthermore, high-level electronic structure theory,including dispersion corrections to account for van der Waals forces, areemployed to enhance our understanding of the underlying chemical mechanisms.The electronic vacuum alignment and surface energies are determined, allowingthe prediction of the thermodynamically-favoured crystal shape (Wulffconstruction) and surface-weighted work function. Finally, the synthesizednanomaterials were tested as Li-ion battery anodes, demonstrating significantlyenhanced electrochemical performance for morphologies obtained from specificsynthesis conditions.

Solvent Engineered Synthesis of Layered SnO Nanoparticles for High-Performance Anodes