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The momentum and radiation pressure of light in negative-index metamaterials(NIMs) are commonly expected to reverse their direction from what is observedfor normal materials. The negative refraction and inverse Doppler effect oflight in NIMs have been experimentally observed, but the equally surprisingphenomenon, the negative radiation pressure of light, still lacks experimentalverification. We show by simulating the exact position- and time-dependentfield-material dynamics in NIMs that the momentum and radiation pressure oflight in NIMs can be either positive or negative depending on theirsubwavelength structure. In NIMs exhibiting negative radiation pressure, thenegative total momentum of light is caused by the sum of the positive momentumof the electromagnetic field and the negative momentum of the material. Thenegative momentum of the material results from the optical force density, whichdrives atoms backward and reduces the local density of atoms at the site of thelight field. In contrast to earlier works, light in NIMs exhibiting negativeradiation pressure has both negative total momentum and energy. For theexperimental discovery of the negative radiation pressure, one must carefullydesign the NIM structure and record the joint total pressure of the field andmaterial momentum components.

Negative radiation pressure in metamaterials explained by light-driven atomic mass density rarefication waves