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Salmonella   enterica  serovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing occasional outbreaks of enteric infections in humans.  Salmonella  has one of the largest pools of temperate phages in its genome that possess evolutionary significance for pathogen. In this study, we characterized a novel temperate phage  Salmonella  phage BIS20 (BIS20) with unique tail fiber genes. It belongs to the subfamily  Peduovirinae  genus  Eganvirus  and infects  Salmonella  Typhimurium strain (SE-BS17; Acc. NO MZ503545) of poultry origin. Phage BIS20 was viable only at biological pH and temperature ranges (pH7 and 37 °C). Despite being temperate BIS20 significantly slowed down the growth of host strain for 24 h as compared to control (P &lt; 0.009). Phage BIS20 features 29,477-base pair (bp) linear DNA genome with 53% GC content and encodes for 37 putative ORFs. These ORFs have mosaic arrangement as indicated by its ORF similarity to various phages and prophages in NCBI. Genome analysis indicates its similarity to  Salmonella enterica  serovar Senftenberg prophage (SEStP) sequence (Nucleotide similarity 87.7%) and  Escherichia  virus 186 (~ 82.4% nucleotide similarity) .  Capsid genes were conserved however those associated with tail fiber formation and assembly were unique to all members of genus  Eganvirus . We found strong evidence of recombination hotspot in tail fiber gene. Our study identifies BIS20 as a new species of genus  Eganvirus  temperate phages as its maximum nucleotide similarity is 82.4% with any phage in NCBI. Our findings may contribute to understanding of origin of new temperate phages.

Phenotypic characterization and genome analysis of a novel Salmonella Typhimurium phage having unique tail fiber genes