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Among the snail genera most responsible for vectoring human-infecting schistosomes,  Bulinus, Biomphalaria, and Oncomelania , the former is in many respects the most important. Bulinid snails host the most common human blood fluke,  Schistosoma haematobium,  responsible for approximately two-thirds of the estimated 237 million cases of schistosomiasis. They also support transmission of schistosomes to millions of domestic and wild animals. Nonetheless, our basic knowledge of the 37  Bulinus  species remains incomplete, especially with respect to genome information, even including mitogenome sequences. We determined complete mitogenome sequences for  Bulinus truncatus ,  B. nasutus , and  B. ugandae , and three representatives of  B. globosus  from eastern, central, and western Kenya. A difference of the location of  tRNA-Asp  was found between mitogenomes from the three species of the  Bulinus africanus  group and  B. truncatus . Phylogenetic analysis using partial  cox1  sequences suggests that  B. globosus  is a complex comprised of multiple species. We also highlight the status of  B. ugandae  as a distinct species with unusual interactions with the  S. haematobium  group parasites deserving of additional investigation. We provide sequence data for potential development of genetic markers for specific or intraspecific  Bulinus  studies, help elucidate the relationships among  Bulinus  species, and suggest ways in which mitogenomes may help understand the complex interactions between  Schistosoma  and  Bulinus  snails and their relatives.

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Comparative mitogenomics of freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus, obligatory vectors of Schistosoma haematobium, causative agent of human urogenital schistosomiasis