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To examine the effects of different PM 2.5  concentration ranges on daily all-cause mortality, 8768 all-cause deaths were recorded in the database of the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. Data of air pollutants (PM 2.5  and O 3 ) concentration were provided by the Jinan Environment Monitoring Center. The relative risk of all-cause mortality was assessed using a quasi-Poisson regression model after adjusting for confounding factors. The concentrations of PM2.5 were divided into four ranges 0–35 μg/m 3 ; 35–75 μg/m 3 ; 75–115 μg/m 3 ; 115–150 μg/m 3 . There was no significant relationship between PM2.5 exposure and all-cause deaths in individuals aged &lt; 60 years. However, for individuals aged ≥ 60 years, there was a significant positive association between exposure concentrations and all-cause deaths within the ranges 0–35 μg/m 3 , 35–75 μg/m 3 , and 115–150 μg/m 3  with a mortality increase of 1.07 (1.01, 1.13), 1.03 (1.00, 1.05), and 1.05 (1.01, 1.08), respectively. When the population aged ≥ 60 years was stratified into gender groups, exposure to PM2.5 in the range 0–35 μg/m 3  increased the mortality risk in men but not women. All-cause mortality in women, but not men, increased significantly with exposure to PM2.5 in the ranges of 35–75, 75–115, and 115–150 μg/m 3 .

Short-term effects of different PM2.5 ranges on daily all-cause mortality in Jinan, China