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Endophytic bacteria, a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites, are ideal candidates for environmentally benign agents. In this study, an endophytic strain,  Streptomyces  sp. AE170020, was isolated and selected for the purification of nematicidal substances based on its high nematicidal activity. Two highly active components, aureothin and alloaureothin, were identified, and their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds suppressed the growth, reproduction, and behavior of  Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . In in vivo experiments, the extracts of strain  Streptomyces  sp. AE170020 effectively suppressed the development of pine wilt disease in 4-year-old plants of  Pinus densiflora . The potency of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic strains suggests applications in controlling  Bursaphelenchus xylophilus  and opens an avenue for further research on exploring bioactive substances against the pine wood nematode .

New discovery on the nematode activity of aureothin and alloaureothin isolated from endophytic bacteria Streptomyces sp. AE170020