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We conducted an observational study to assess the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in 12–24 months old children living in urban and rural Bangladesh. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (free 25(OH)D) level, socio-demographic status, anthropometric status, dietary intake, exposure to sunlight and single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin-D pathway genes were measured in 208 children. Vitamin D deficiency (free 25(OH)D   G, rs4588 C &gt; A,  CYP2R1 -rs206793 A &gt; G,  CYP27B1 -rs10877012 A &gt; C and  DHCR7 -rs12785878 G &gt; T) and found statistically significant differences in serum vitamin D levels between various genotypes. SNPs for  CYP27B1  (CA &amp; CC genotype) had statistically significant positive association (β = 1.61; 95% CI 2.79, 0.42; p-value &lt; 0.05) and TT genotype of  GC -rs7041 had negative association (β =  − 1.33; 95% CI − 0.02, − 2.64; p-value &lt; 0.05) with vitamin-D deficiency in the surveyed children.

Sunlight, dietary habits, genetic polymorphisms and vitamin D deficiency in urban and rural infants of Bangladesh