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Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an infectious complication that develops during chemotherapy. Although the oral cavity can be an important infection route, it is unknown whether the oral environment is associated with FN. The present study examined the relationship between the oral environment using periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), a new periodontal disease parameter, and FN in hematologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. In this retrospective cohort study, 157 patients were divided into FN onset during chemotherapy (n = 75) and the FN negative groups (n = 82). The associations of risk factors related to the intraoral environment were assessed. Logistic regression analysis showed that types of blood cancer (odds ratio 1.98; P &lt; 0.01), use of a high-risk regimen (odds ratio 4.44; P &lt; 0.05), prophylaxis treatment with human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (odds ratio 4.15; P &lt; 0.01) and PISA (odds ratio 1.02; P &lt; 0.01) were independent factors associated with FN onset. Finally, propensity score matching was performed between two groups; 37 matched pairs were generated. PISA was significantly higher in the FN group than the FN negative group. There was a significant relationship between PISA and FN onset (P = 0.035). The present findings indicate that periodontitis treatment before starting cancer treatment is recommended as supportive care for preventing FN onset during chemotherapy.

Periodontal inflamed surface area in oral cavity associated with febrile neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy