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Aedes albopictus  is a competent vector of several arboviruses that has spread throughout the United States over the last three decades. With the emergence of Zika virus in the Americas in 2015–2016 and an increased need to understand the current distributions of  Ae. albopictus  in the US, we initiated surveillance efforts to determine the abundance of invasive  Aedes  species in Iowa. Here, we describe surveillance efforts from 2016 to 2020 in which we detect stable and persistent populations of  Aedes albopictus  in three Iowa counties. Based on temporal patterns in abundance and genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes between years, our data support that  Ae. albopictus  are overwintering and have likely become established in the state. The localization of  Ae. albopictus  predominantly in areas of urbanization, and noticeable absence in rural areas, suggests that these ecological factors may contribute to overwintering success. Together, these data document the establishment of  Ae. albopictus  in Iowa and their expansion into the Upper Midwest, where freezing winter temperatures were previously believed to limit their spread. With impending climate change, our study provides evidence for the further expansion of  Ae. albopictus  into temperate regions of the United States resulting in increased risks for vector-borne disease transmission.

Surveillance and genetic data support the introduction and establishment of Aedes albopictus in Iowa, USA