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Both the genetic and environmental factors may affect aggression susceptibility. However, the conclusions of these associations remain discrepant. In addition, studies that explored the association between  CREB1  and aggression were meager. The aim of our present study was to assess whether  CREB1  polymorphisms were related to aggression and also to explore the interactive effects of  CREB1  variants and childhood maltreatment on aggression. A total of 488 individuals with aggressive behavior and 488 controls were recruited. Aggression and childhood maltreatment were surveyed by standardized self-administered questionnaires. Buccal cells were also obtained and genotyping was conducted using SNPscan. Logistic regressions were applied to investigate both individual effects of  CREB1  polymorphisms and the interactive influences with childhood maltreatment on aggression. We found that adolescents who carried the rs4675690 T allele in  CREB1  showed a higher level of aggression compared with those who carried wildtype genotypes (CC) under the dominant model ( OR  = 1.67, 95%  CI , 1.16–2.40) after controlling for age and childhood maltreatment. Moreover, we also found that rs4675690 T allele had a synergic additive interaction with childhood sexual abuse and emotional neglect on aggression. The significant interactive effects of  CREB1  polymorphisms and childhood maltreatment on aggression were reported for the first time.

Gene-environment interactions between CREB1 and childhood maltreatment on aggression among male Chinese adolescents