English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Earth's surface environment is largely influenced by its budget of majorvolatile elements: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H). Although thevolatiles on Earth are thought to have been delivered by chondritic materials,the elemental composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) shows depletion inthe order of N, C, and H. Previous studies have concluded that non-chondriticmaterials are needed for this depletion pattern. Here, we model the evolutionof the volatile abundances in the atmosphere, oceans, crust, mantle, and corethrough the accretion history by considering elemental partitioning and impacterosion. We show that the BSE depletion pattern can be reproduced fromcontinuous accretion of chondritic bodies by the partitioning of C into thecore and H storage in the magma ocean in the main accretion stage andatmospheric erosion of N in the late accretion stage. This scenario requires arelatively oxidized magma ocean ($\log_{10} f_{\rm O_2}$ $\gtrsim$$\rm{IW}$$-2$, where $f_{\rm O_2}$ is the oxygen fugacity, ${\rm IW}$ is$\log_{10} f_{\rm O_2}^{\rm IW}$, and $f_{\rm O_2}^{\rm IW}$ is $f_{\rm O_2}$at the iron-w\"{u}stite buffer), the dominance of small impactors in the lateaccretion, and the storage of H and C in oceanic water and carbonates in thelate accretion stage, all of which are naturally expected from the formation ofan Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone.

Numerous chondritic impactors and oxidized magma ocean set Earth's volatile depletion