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The application of straw and biochar can effectively improve soil quality, but whether such application impacts paddy soil bacterial community development remains to be clarified. Herein, the impacts of three different field amendment strategies were assessed including control (CK) treatment, rice straw (RS) application (9000 kg ha −1 ), and biochar (BC) application (3150 kg ha −1 ). Soil samples were collected at five different stages of rice growth, and the bacterial communities therein were characterized via high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. The results of these analyses revealed that soil bacterial communities were dominated by three microbial groups ( Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria  and  Acidobacteria ). Compared with the CK samples,  Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae  and  Gemmatimonadetes  levels were dominated phyla in the RS treatment, and  Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae  and  Patescibacteria  were dominated phyla in the BC treatment. Compared with the RS samples,  Chloroflexi ,  Acidobacteria ,  Actinobacteria , and  Verrucomicrobia  levels were increased, however,  Proteobacteria ,  Gemmatimonadetes ,  Nitrospirae , and  Firmicute  levels were decreased in the BC samples. Rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity rose significantly following RS and BC amendment, and principal component analyses confirmed that there were significant differences in soil bacterial community composition among treatment groups when comparing all stages of rice growth other than the ripening stage. Relative to the CK treatment,  Gemmatimonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Thiovulaceae, Burkholderiaceae,  and  Clostridiaceae-1  families were dominant following the RS application, while  Thiovulaceae  and  uncultured-bacterium-o-C0119  were dominant following the BC application. These findings suggest that RS and BC application can improve microbial diversity and richness in paddy rice soil in Northeast China.

Soil bacterial community as impacted by addition of rice straw and biochar