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Iron is a limiting factor in such a condition that usually is sequestered by the host during polymicrobial infections of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and  Staphylococcus aureus . This study aimed to investigate the interaction of  S. aureus  and  P. aeruginosa , which alters iron-related sigma factors regulation and antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance of  P. aeruginosa  and  S. aureus  was investigated in a L929 cell culture model. The expression level of  pvdS ,  hasI  ( P. aeruginosa  sigma factors), and  sigS  ( S. aureus  sigma factor) genes was determined using Quantitative Real-Time PCR.  pvdS  and  hasI  were downregulated during co-culture with  S. aureus , while the susceptibility to carbapenems increased (p-value < 0.0001). Also, there was a direct significant relationship between resistance to vancomycin with  sigS . Regarding the findings of the current study, iron-related sigma factors of  P. aeruginosa  and  S. aureus  play a role in induction susceptibility to various antibiotics, including carbapenems and vancomycin.

Antibiotic resistance alters through iron-regulating Sigma factors during the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa