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The ability of cancer cells to undergo partial-epithelial mesenchymal transition (p-EMT), rather than complete EMT, poses a higher metastatic risk. Although  Fusobacterium nucleatum  mainly inhabits in oral cavity, attention has been focused on the  F. nucleatum  involvement in colorectal cancer development. Here we examined the p-EMT regulation by  F. nucleatum  in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. We cultured OSCC cells with epithelial, p-EMT or EMT phenotype with live or heat-inactivated  F. nucleatum . Expression of the genes involved in epithelial differentiation, p-EMT and EMT were examined in OSCC cells after co-culture with  F. nucleatum  by qPCR. Cell growth and invasion of OSCC cells were also examined. Both live and heat-inactivated  F. nucleatum  upregulated the expression of p-EMT-related genes in OSCC cells with epithelial phenotype, but not with p-EMT or EMT phenotype. Moreover,  F. nucleatum  promoted invasion of OSCC cells with epithelial phenotype. Co-culture with other strains of bacteria other than  Porphyromonas gingivalis  did not alter p-EMT-related genes in OSCC cells with epithelial phenotype.  F. nucleatum  infection may convert epithelial to p-EMT phenotype via altering gene expression in OSCC. Oral hygiene managements against  F. nucleatum  infection may contribute to reduce the risk for an increase in metastatic ability of OSCC.

Conversion from epithelial to partial-EMT phenotype by Fusobacterium nucleatum infection promotes invasion of oral cancer cells