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An extensive network of storm water conveyance systems in urban areas, often referred to as the “underground storm drain system” (USDS), serves as significant production habitats for mosquitoes. Knowledge of whether USDS habitats are suitable for newly introduced dengue vectors  Aedes aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus  will help guide surveillance and control efforts. To determine whether the USDS functions as a suitable larval habitat for  Culex ,  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus  in southern California, we examined mosquito habitat utilization and larval survivorship using laboratory microcosm studies. The data showed that USDS constituted 4.1% of sampled larval habitats for  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus,  and 22.0% for  Cx. quinquefasciatus . Furthermore, USDS water collected in the summer completely inhibited  Aedes  larval development, but yielded a 15.0% pupation rate for  Cx. quinquefasciatus.  Food supplementation in the microcosms suggests that nutrient deficiency, toxins and other factors in the USDS water led to low success or complete failure of larval development. These results suggest that USDS habitats are currently not major productive larval habitats for  Aedes  mosquitoe s  in southern California. Our findings prompt inclusion of assessments of pupal productivity in USDS habitats and adult mosquito resting sites in the mosquito surveillance program.

Impact of underground storm drain systems on larval ecology of Culex and Aedes species in urban environments of Southern California