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Prior knowledge of allele frequencies of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in a population is crucial for the revision and optimization of existing medication choices and doses. In the current study, the frequency of the  CYP2C9*2 ,  CYP2C9*3 ,  CYP2C19*2 ,  CYP2C19*3 ,  CYP2C19*6 ,  CYP2C19*17 , and  CYP3A4  (rs4646437) alleles in a Thai population across different regions of Thailand was examined. Tests for polymorphisms of  CYP2C9  and  CYP3A4  were performed using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and  CYP2C19  was performed using two different methods; TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and Luminex x Tag V3. The blood samples were collected from 1205 unrelated healthy individuals across different regions within Thailand. Polymorphisms of  CYP2C9  and  CYP2C19  were transformed into phenotypes, which included normal metabolizer (NM), intermediate metabolizer (IM), poor metabolizer (PM), and rapid metabolizers (RM). The  CYP2C9  allele frequencies among the Thai population were 0.08% and 5.27% for the  CYP2C9*2  and  CYP2C9*3  alleles, respectively. The  CYP2C19  allele frequencies among the Thai population were 25.60%, 2.50%, 0.10%, and 1.80% for the  CYP2C19*2 ,  CYP2C19*3 ,  CYP2C19*6 , and  CYP2C19*17  alleles, respectively. The allele frequency of the  CYP3A4  (rs4646437) variant allele was 28.50% in the Thai population. The frequency of the  CYP2C9*3  allele was significantly lower among the Northern Thai population (P < 0.001). The frequency of the  CYP2C19*17  allele was significantly higher in the Southern Thai population (P < 0.001). Our results may provide an understanding of the ethnic differences in drug responses and support for the utilization of pharmacogenomics testing in clinical practice.

scientific reports

Allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms of clinically important drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 in a Thai population