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Three gene families in plants viz. Argonaute ( AGOs ), Dicer-like ( DCLs ) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase ( RDRs ) constitute the core components of small RNA mediated gene silencing machinery. The present study endeavours to identify members of these gene families in tea and to investigate their expression patterns in different tissues and various stress regimes. Using genome-wide analysis, we have identified 18  AGO s, 5  DCL s and 9  RDR s in tea, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship with orthologs of  Arabidopsis thaliana . Gene expression analysis revealed constitutive expression of  CsAGO1  in all the studied tissues and stress conditions, whereas  CsAGO10c  showed most variable expression among all the genes.  CsAGO10c  gene was found to be upregulated in tissues undergoing high meristematic activity such as buds and roots, as well as in  Exobasidium vexans  infected samples.  CsRDR2  and two paralogs of  CsAGO4 , which are known to participate in biogenesis of hc-siRNAs, showed similarities in their expression levels in most of the tea plant tissues. This report provides first ever insight into the important gene families involved in biogenesis of small RNAs in tea. The comprehensive knowledge of these small RNA biogenesis purveyors can be utilized for tea crop improvement aimed at stress tolerance and quality enhancement.

Genome-wide identification, evolutionary relationship and expression analysis of AGO, DCL and RDR family genes in tea