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Culex  mosquitoes particularly  Culex quinquefasciatus  are important arboviral and filariasis vectors, however despite this important epidemiological role, there is still a paucity of data on their bionomics. The present study was undertaken to assess the insecticide resistance status of  Cx. quinquefasciatus  populations from four districts of Yaoundé (Cameroon). All  Culex quinquefasciatus  populations except one displayed high resistance to bendiocarb and malathion with mortalities ranging from 0 to 89% while high resistance intensity against both permethrin and deltamethrin was recorded. Molecular analyses revealed high frequencies of the  ACE -1 G119S mutation (ranging from 0 to 33%) and  kdr  L1014F allele (ranging from 55 to 74%) in all  Cx. quinquefasciatus  populations. Significant overexpression was detected for cytochrome P450s genes  CYP6AA7  and  CYP6Z10 , as well as for  Esterase A  and  Esterase B  genes .  The total cuticular hydrocarbon content, a proxy of cuticular resistance, was significantly increased (compared to the S-lab strain) in one population. The study confirms strong insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in  Cx. quinquefasciatus  populations from the city of Yaoundé. The expansion of insecticide resistance in  Culex  populations could affect the effectiveness of current vector control measures and stress the need for the implementation of integrated vector control strategies in urban settings.

High insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus populations from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon