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In this paper,  Jr .NiFe 2 O 4  nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of  Juglans regia  via a straightforward process. The physio and phytochemical analysis of plant confirm the presence of macromolecules which function as bio-reductant and stabilize the nanoparticles. The  Jr .NiFe 2 O 4  NPs were characterized by UV–visible, FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD pattern, SEM and TGA/DTA analysis. The nanoparticles proved to be optically active having a value of indirect bandgap of energy in the range of 1.53 eV. The  Jr .NiFe 2 O 4  NPs have the ability in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and showed 58.01% ± 1.2% scavenging activity at 100 µg/mL concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation study of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Congo red (CR) reveals that the highest degradation rate was acquired for CIP using pH = 3, at 254 nm, while 85% of removal rate was analysed for CR. The kinetic studies in case of CR removal followed pseudo-first-order model with thermodynamic parameters (∆G° = − 5.87 kJ mol −1  K, ΔH° = 1393.50 kJ mol −1  and ΔS° = 22.537 kJ mol −1  K) with error analysis. Overall, these data recommend an innovative inspiring application of a plant-mediated synthesis of  Jr .NiFe 2 O 4  NPs.

scientific reports

Bioconjugate synthesis, phytochemical analysis, and optical activity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ciprofloxacin and Congo red from water