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The diverse flora of the Atlantic Forest is fertile ground for discovering new chemical structures with insecticidal activity. The presence of species belonging to the genus  Baccharis  is of particular interest, as these species have shown promise in pest management applications. The objective of this study is to chemically identify the constituents expressed in the leaves of seven species of  Baccharis  ( B. anomala  DC.,  B. calvescens  DC.,  B. mesoneura  DC.,  B. milleflora  DC.,  B. oblongifolia  Pers.,  B. trimera  (Less) DC. and  B. uncinella  DC.) and to evaluate the toxicological and morphological effects caused by essential oils (EOs) on the larvae and adults of  Drosophila suzukii  (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Chemical analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) indicated that limonene was the main common constituent in all  Baccharis  species. This constituent in isolation, as well as the EOs of  B. calvescens ,  B. mesoneura , and  B. oblongifolia , caused mortality in over 80% of adults of  D. suzukii  at a discriminatory concentration of 80 mg L −1  in bioassays of ingestion and topical application. These results are similar to the effect of spinosyn-based synthetic insecticides (spinetoram 75 mg L −1 ) 120 h after exposure. Limonene and EOs from all species had the lowest LC 50  and LC 90  values relative to spinosyn and azadirachtin (12 g L −1 ) in both bioassays. However, they showed the same time toxicity over time as spinetoram when applied to adults of  D. suzukii  (LT 50  ranging from 4.6 to 8.7 h) in a topical application bioassay. In olfactometry tests, 92% of  D. suzukii  females showed repellent behavior when exposed to the EOs and limonene. Likewise, the EOs of  B. calvescens ,  B. mesoneura , and  B. oblongifolia  significantly reduced the number of eggs in artificial fruits (≅ 7.6 eggs fruit −1 ), differing from the control treatment with water (17.2 eggs fruit −1 ) and acetone (17.6 eggs fruit −1 ). According to histological analyses, the L3 larvae of  D. suzukii  had morphological and physiological alterations and deformations after exposure to treatments containing EOs and limonene, which resulted in high larval, pupal, and adult mortality. In view of the results,  Baccharis  EOs and their isolated constituent, limonene, proved to be promising alternatives for developing bioinsecticides to manage of  D. suzukii .

scientific reports

Insecticidal and oviposition deterrent effects of essential oils of Baccharis spp. and histological assessment against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)