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Soil is considered an extensively explored ecological niche for microorganisms that produce useful biologically active natural products suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The current study aimed at investigating biological activities and metabolic profiles of three fungal strains identified from different desert sites in Saudi Arabia. Soil fungal isolates were collected from AlQasab, Tabuk, and Almuzahimiyah in Saudi Arabia and identified. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity was investigated against  Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia,  and  Escherichia coli  in blood, nutrient, and Sabouraud dextrose agars. Moreover, fungal extracts were evaluated on cell viability/proliferation against human breast carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. To identify the biomolecules of the fungal extracts, High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC–DAD coupled to analytical LC–QTOF-MS method was employed for fungal ethyl acetate crude extract. Identified fungal isolates,  Chaetomium  sp.  Bipolaris  sp. and  Fusarium venenatum  showed varied inhibitory activity against tested microbes in relation to crude extract, microbial strain tested, and growth media.  F. venenatum  showed higher anticancer activity compared to  Chaetomium  sp .  and  Bipolaris  sp .  extracts against four of the tested cancer cell lines. Screening by HPLC and LC/MS-QTOF identified nine compounds from  Chaetomium  sp. and three from  Bipolaris  sp. however, for  F. venenatum  extracts compounds were not fully identified. In light of the present findings, some biological activities of fungal extracts were approved in vitro , s uggesting that such extracts could be a useful starting point to find compounds that possess promising agents for medical applications. Further investigations to identify exact biomolecules from  F. venenatum  extracts are needed.

Investigation of biological activity of soil fungal extracts and LC/MS-QTOF based metabolite profiling