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Zinc dendrite growth negatively affects zinc–bromine flow battery (ZBB) performance by causing membrane damage, inducing self-discharge. Herein, in a ZBB, a conventional polymer mesh was replaced with a titanium-based mesh interlayer; this provided additional abundant active sites for the Zn 2+ /Zn redox reaction and well-developed electrolyte flow channels, which resulted in improved reaction kinetics and suppressed Zn dendrite growth. Compared with a ZBB cell comprising a conventional polymer mesh and a carbon-based electrode, the ZBB cell using the titanium mesh interlayer and a carbon-based electrode showed significantly reduced frequency of the refreshing process, which occurs at regular cycling intervals during practical use for removing residual zinc dendrites in ZBB; also, the average energy efficiency at a current density of 40 mA cm −2  increased by 38.5%. Moreover, the modified ZBB cell exhibited higher energy efficiency at a high current density of 80 mA cm −2 , which is an improvement of 14.7% than in case of the contemporary polymer mesh. Consequently, this study can provide helpful insights for new anode side structures including spacer mesh for developing high-performance ZBBs.

Development of titanium 3D mesh interlayer for enhancing the electrochemical performance of zinc–bromine flow battery