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Soybean meal-induced enteropathy (SBMIE) is prevalent in aquaculture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of daidzein on SBMIE of juvenile turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus  L.) by feeding with fish meal diet (FM), soybean meal diet (SBM, 40% fish meal protein in FM replaced by soybean meal protein) and daidzein diet (DAID, 40 mg/kg daidzein supplemented to SBM) for 12 weeks. We found that daidzein supplementation elevated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine  TGF-β , decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines  TNF-α  and signal molecules  p38 ,  JNK  and  NF-κB . SBM up-regulated the genes expression related to oxidative stress and apoptosis, but dietary daidzein restored it to the similar level with that in FM group. Moreover, dietary daidzein up-regulated gene expression of tight junction protein, and modified the intestinal microbial profiles with boosted relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria and Deinococcus–Thermus, genera  Sphingomonas  and  Thermus , species  Lactococcus lactis , and decreased abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, dietary daidzein could ameliorate SBM-induced intestinal inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mucosal barrier injury and microbiota community disorder of turbot. Moreover, p38, JNK and NF-κB signaling might be involved in the anti-inflammatory process of daidzein, and daidzein itself might act as an antioxidant to resist SBM-induced oxidative damage.

The protective role of daidzein in intestinal health of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed soybean meal-based diets