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The genus  Stentor  is a relatively well-known ciliate owing to its lucid trumpet shape.  Stentor pyriformis  represents a green, short, and fat  Stentor , but it is a little-known species. We investigated 124 ponds and wetlands in Japan and confirmed the presence of  S. pyriformis  at 23 locations. All these ponds were noticeably oligotrophic. With the improvement of oligotrophic culture conditions, we succeeded in long-term cultivation of three strains of  S. pyriformis . The cytoplasm of  S. piriformis  contains a large number of 1–3 μm refractive granules that turn brown by Lugol’s staining. The granules also show a typical Maltese-cross pattern by polarization microscopy, strongly suggesting that the granules are made of amylopectin-rich starch. By analyzing the algal rDNA, it was found that all  S. pyriformis  symbionts investigated in this study were  Chlorella variabilis.  This species is known as the symbiont of  Paramecium bursaria  and is physiologically specialized for endosymbiosis. Genetic discrepancies between  C. variabilis  of  S. pyriformis  and  P. bursaria  may indicate that algal sharing was an old incident. Having symbiotic algae and storing carbohydrate granules in the cytoplasm is considered a powerful strategy for this ciliate to withstand oligotrophic and cold winter environments in highland bogs.

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Characterization of a green Stentor with symbiotic algae growing in an extremely oligotrophic environment and storing large amounts of starch granules in its cytoplasm