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Female puberty is subject to Polycomb Group (PcG)-dependent transcriptional repression.  Kiss1 , a puberty-activating gene, is a key target of this silencing mechanism. Using a gain-of-function approach and a systems biology strategy we now show that EED, an essential PcG component, acts in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to alter the functional organization of a gene network involved in the stimulatory control of puberty. A central node of this network is  Kdm6b , which encodes an enzyme that erases the PcG-dependent histone modification H3K27me3.  Kiss1  is a first neighbor in the network; genes encoding glutamatergic receptors and potassium channels are second neighbors. By repressing  Kdm6b  expression, EED increases H3K27me3 abundance at these gene promoters, reducing gene expression throughout a gene network controlling puberty activation. These results indicate that  Kdm6b  repression is a basic mechanism used by PcG to modulate the biological output of puberty-activating gene networks.

Polycomb represses a gene network controlling puberty via modulation of histone demethylase Kdm6b expression