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The structure and gene sequence of the fish mitochondrial genome are generally considered to be conservative. However, two types of gene arrangements are found in the mitochondrial genome of Anguilliformes. In this paper, we report a complete mitogenome of  Muraenesox cinereus  (Anguilliformes: Muraenesocidae) with rearrangement phenomenon. The total length of the  M. cinereus  mitogenome was 17,673 bp, and it contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two identical control regions (CRs). The mitochondrial genome of  M. cinereus  was obviously rearranged compared with the mitochondria of typical vertebrates. The genes  ND6  and the conjoint  trnE  were translocated to the location between  trnT  and  trnP , and one of the duplicated CR was translocated to the upstream of the  ND6 . The tandem duplication and random loss is most suitable for explaining this mitochondrial gene rearrangement. The Anguilliformes phylogenetic tree constructed based on the whole mitochondrial genome well supports Congridae non-monophyly. These results provide a basis for the future Anguilliformes mitochondrial gene arrangement characteristics and further phylogenetic research.

Novel gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome of Muraenesox cinereus and the phylogenetic relationship of Anguilliformes