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The experiments were conducted on a modified two-cylinder diesel engine to investigate the effects of excess-air coefficient ( λ ) and intake temperature ( T   in  ) of different blending ratios (volume ratio of gasoline in the blends) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) engine. The results show that with the increase of gasoline blending ratio, the peak in-cylinder pressure ( P   max  ), the peak in-cylinder temperature ( T   max  ) and the peak heat release rate ( HRR   max  ) of four test fuels all increase first and then decrease. When gasoline volume fraction is 10%, HC and CO emissions are the lowest. In addition, intake temperature ( T   in  ) has a significant effect on the n-butanol/gasoline PPCI engine. With the increase of  T   in  , the in-cylinder  P   max   and  HRR   max   of four test fuels gradually increase, the combustion phase advances and HC and CO emissions decrease, while NOx emissions increase slightly. Furthermore, as  λ  increases, the  P   max  ,  T   max   and  HRR   max   of the four test fuels show monotonously reducing trend. At the same time, mixture concentration has basically no effect on start of combustion ( CA10 ), the combustion duration ( CD ) gradually extends, and HC and CO emissions increase.

scientific reports

Effect of gasoline additive on combustion and emission characteristics of an n-butanol Partially Premixed Compression Ignition engine under different parameters