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To evaluate the potential variability of Manganese (Mn 2+ ) in commercial pineapple juice (PJ) produced in different years and to identify the optimal Mn 2+  concentration in the correct amount of PJ to be administered prior to Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in order to suppress the gastroduodenal (GD) liquid signal. The Mn 2+  concentration in PJ produced in different years was defined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The optimal Mn 2+  concentration and the amount of PJ, were estimated in an in-vitro analysis, and were then prospectively tested in a population of patients who underwent MRCP. The results were compared with those achieved with the previous standard amount of PJ used in a similar population. The concentrations of Mn 2+  in commercial PJ produced in different years did not differ. A total amount of 150 ml (one glass) of PJ having a high Mn 2+  content (2.37 mg/dl) was sufficient for the suppression of the GD liquid signal, despite the additional dilution caused by GD liquids since it led to a final concentration of Mn 2+  of 0.5–1.00 mg/dl. The optimized single-dose oral administration of 150 ml (approximately one glass) of PJ having a high Mn 2+  concentration prior to MRCP was adequate to guarantee the correct amount of Mn 2+  to suppress the GD signal.

Optimization of pineapple juice amount used as a negative oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography