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The dynamics of nanofluid by considering the role of imposed Lorentz forces, thermal radiations and velocity slip effects over a vertically convectively heated surface is a topic of huge interest. Therefore, the said study is conducted for Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O nanofluid. Mathematical modelling of the problem is done via nanofluid effective correlations comprising the influences of freezing temperature, molecular diameter and similarity transformations. The results for multiple parameters are plotted and provide comprehensive discussion. From the analysis, it is examined that Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O nanofluid motion drops by strengthening Lorentz forces. The temperature in the nanofluid (Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O) is improved by inducing viscous dissipation effects (Ec number), surface convection (Biot number) and thermal radiations (Rd). Moreover, the shear stresses at the surface decreased due to higher magnetic field effects and rises due to velocity slip. A significant rise in Local Nusselt number is observed due to thermal radiations and Biot effects. Finally, enhanced heat transport mechanism in Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O is examined than a conventional liquid. Therefore, nanofluids are better for industrial applications and the uses of conventional liquids are limited due to low thermal conductivity.

scientific reports

Impact of freezing temperature (Tfr) of Al2O3 and molecular diameter (H2O)d on thermal enhancement in magnetized and radiative nanofluid with mixed convection